Checklist for Determining Variables

Identifying appropriate variables based on the research problem is critical for researchers. The research problem dictates the selection of variables, which must be relevant and supportive of the study’s objectives. Here are steps and examples to guide this process:

1. Identify the Research Problem: Clearly define the research problem. For instance, "How do active learning strategies affect student engagement in online courses?"
2. Determine Relevant Variables: Based on the research problem, identify variables that will help answer the question. For the example above, variables might include "active learning strategies" and "student engagement.”
3. Determine Variable Types: The research problem, theoretical framework, and statistical analysis will assist you in determining the variable type for your study.
4. Define Variable Measurement: Specify how each variable will be measured. Active learning strategies could be measured by the curricular approach applied to the student, such as nominal categories of peer teaching, case-based learning, or problem-based learning, while student engagement could be measured using a validated engagement survey.
5. Identify Levels of Measurement: Determine the level of measurement for each variable. The classification of active learning strategies is a nominal level of measurement, while survey responses might be interval.
6. Ensure Theoretical Alignment: Ensure that the selected variables align with the theoretical framework. If the framework suggests that one type of active learning increases engagement over other types, the variables should be consistent with this hypothesis.
7. Calculate Descriptive Statistics: Once data are collected, use appropriate descriptive statistics based on the variable’s level of measurement. Calculate mean and standard deviation for interval or ratio variables; for nominal variables, use frequency and percentage of total.